Umuhanuzi Mika
IJAMBO RY’IBANZE
1. Umuhanuzi n’inyigisho ze
Iryo zina ry’igihebureyi, Mika, kimwe na «Mika‐El» cyangwa «Mika‐Yahu», ryasobanura ngo «Ni nde umeze nk’Imana?» cyangwa «Ni nde umeze nk’Uhoraho?» Uwo muhanuzi yakomokaga i Moresheti, umugi muto uri mu birometero 35, mu majyepfo ya Yeruzalemu.
Mika yabayeho mu gihe cy’abami Yotamu (740–736), Akhazi (736–716), na Hezekiya (716–687), reba 1,1. Yamaze rero imyaka myinshi ari umuhanuzi w’Uhoraho. Muri icyo gihe kandi, ni bwo Abanyashuru bari batangiye kwigarurira ibihugu byinshi. Mika agomba kuba yariboneye ubwe isenywa rya Samariya muri 721 (1,27 na 2 Bami 17,5–6). Ashuru itera igihugu cya Yuda muri 701, maze habura gato ngo na Yeruzalemu isenyurwe (1,8–16; 2 Bami 9). Ibyo rero, biratwemeza ko Mika yabayeho mu gihe kimwe na Izayi, usibye ko umwe atavuga undi.
Mika yegukiye rwose umurimo w’ubuhanuzi Uhoraho yamushinze, bituma amerera nabi abahanuzi b’abacancuro (3,5–8). Ntahwema kandi gutangaza ibyago n’ibihano bizaza, kuko ari cyo Uhoraho yamutumye (2,6–11; 3,5–8). Koko Uhoraho araburanya umuryango we kandi akawutsinda (1,2; 6,1). Kimwe na Amosi, Mika ararega abakire bahuguza abakene; agashinja abashikamira ababarimo imyenda, abacuruzi bica iminzani bagahenda, abaherezabitambo n’abahanuzi bishakira indonke, abatware bakandamiza rubanda, n’abacamanza barya ruswa. Ibyo byose binyuranye n’ibyo Imana ishaka, ari byo «kubahiriza ubutabera, gukunda ubudahemuka, no kugendana na yo mu bwiyoroshye» 6–8). Nyamara igihano kirateganyijwe: Uhoraho azaza, isi yose ihungabane, acire urubanza umuryango kandi awuhane. Samariya izasenyuka (1,6–7), igihugu cya Yuda bazakijagajaga (1,8–15), naho Yeruzalemu izahinduke amatongo (3,12).
Cyakora Mika ntiyiheba burundu (7,7), akomeza kwizera ndetse akagaruka no kuri ka «gasigisigi» kavuzwe na Amosi. Aratangaza ko muri Efurata hazavuka umwami w’amahoro, ari na we uzaragira ubushyo bw’Uhoraho (5,1–5).
2. Uko igitabo giteye
Impanuro za Mika zagabanyijwemo ibice bine: habanza impanuro zicyaha, hagakurikiraho amasezerano y’amahirwe, maze ibyo bakabigarukaho incuro ebyiri.
1. Urubanza Uhoraho azacira Israheli (1,2—3,12). — Samariya na Yuda birashinjwa ubuhemu; hagakurikiraho amaganya atewe n’ibyago bizaza, no gutonganya abatuma Israheli izorama kubera imyifatire yabo.
2. Siyoni ari yo Yeruzalemu isezeranywa ibyiza (4,1—5,14). — Mu gihe kizaza, ariko kitaramenywa neza, Uhoraho azashinga i Siyoni ubwami bwe; amahanga yacumuye acishwe bugufi, agarukire Imana ya Yakobo, maze umuryango uzaragirwe n’ikirangirire gikomoka kuri Dawudi.
3. Uhoraho yongera kwihanangiriza Israheli (6,1—7,7). — Ni bya birego na za ntonganya zo mu gice cya mbere zisubiwemo.
4. Andi masezerano yerekeye isubirana ry’umuryango (7,8–20).
3. Agaciro ka Mika
Hari byinshi Mika ahuriyeho n’abamubanjirije. Kimwe na Amosi, aratsindagira cyane ibyerekeye ubutabera. Kimwe na Hozeya, aratangaza ubuntu bw’Imana. Kimwe na Izayi, arerekana ko ari ngombwa kwiyoroshya imbere y’ubuhangare bw’Imana (6,8). Kimwe na bo aratangaza ibihano, ariko bizakurikirwa n’imbabazi, n’ubusugire bwa ka «gasigisigi» k’abisubiyeho. Nuko umugambi w’Imana uzakomeze kandi ugere ku ntego yawo.
Ahasigaye natwe nitunyurwe n’ayo mizero akubiye mu gitabo cya Mika. N’ubwo ibyo avuga, byose tutabisobanukiweho neza, hari ibitekerezo by’iremezo twakwakira: ko Imana izashinga ubwami bwayo muri Israheli no mu mahanga yose amaze kwisubiraho (4,1–7); ko ibyo bizaba mu mahoro no mu butabera byuzuye; ko mu mudugudu muto wa Betelehemu ariho hazavuka Uzashinga iyo ngoma (5,1–3). Ivanjili ya Matayo (2,5–6) ni yo itwereka ko ayo masezerano yujurijwe mu ukuza k’Umukiza wacu Yezu Kristu.
mt1 Igitabo cy’Umuhanuzi Mika