Igitabo cy’Abalevi
IMIHANGO Y’IBITAMBO
Iki gitabo cyiswe icy’Abalevi, kuko kirimo amategeko n’imihango byose bigenga ibitambo n’amaturo Abayisraheli bahoraga batura Imana, Abalevi bakaba ari bo bari bashinzwe kubibayoboramo. Mu gihe Abayisraheli bakambikaga hirya no hino mu butayu, Musa yatoye abakomoka kuri Levi kugira ngo bite ku Ngoro y’Uhoraho, ni ukuvuga ihema ry’ibonaniro, n’ibikoresho byaryo byose. Abayisraheli bamaze gutura mu gihugu cya Kanahani, Abalevi bashinzwe imihango yose yo gusenga Uhoraho mu Ngoro ye, babanje i Sikemu, Beteli na Silo (reba 1 Sam 1–3), hanyuma i Yeruzalemu mu Ngoro yari yarubatswe na Salomoni muri 966 (reba 2 Bami 6,1). Iyo Ngoro yasenyuwe n’Abanyababiloni muri 587 (reba 2 Bami 25,8–17). Nyuma y’ijyanwabunyago, Ingoro y’Uhoraho imaze kongera kubakwa (reba Ezira 3,2–6 na 5,1–18), Abalevi ni ko gusubira ku murimo wabo. No mu gihe cya Yezu, uwo murimo Abalevi bari bakiwukomeza. Baje kuwureka ibitambo by’Abayahudi bivanyweho, mu gihe Ingoro y’i Yeruzalemu yongeye gusenyurwa n’Abanyaroma mu mwaka wa 70 nyuma ya Yezu Kristu.
Kimwe n’igitabo cy’Intangiriro n’icy’Iyimukamisiri, igitabo cy’Abalevi na cyo cyatangiye kwandikwa kare cyane, kirangira bitinze, ni ukuvuga nyuma y’ijyanwabunyago i Babiloni, hagati y’umwaka wa 500 n’uwa 400 mbere ya Yezu Kristu. Kirimo rero amategeko anyuranye: amwe ni aya kera cyane, mu gihe cya Musa mu butayu, ayandi ni aya vuba. Ayo mategeko ubusanzwe araruhije kuyumva, kuko akenshi atagenewe Abayisraheli basanzwe, ahubwo yari yarashyiriweho abaherezabitambo (ari bo bakomoka kuri Aroni) n’Abalevi basanzwe, kugira ngo abafashe gutunganya imirimo bashinzwe mu cyubahiro, kuko nta murimo w’Imana ugomba guhushurwa.
Dore ibice by’ingenzi by’icyo gitabo:
1. Imihango y’ibitambo (umutwe wa 1–7)
Ku Bayisraheli hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gutura ibitambo, cyakora dushobora kubigabanyamo amoko atatu y’ingenzi.
— Igitambo gitwikwa burundu (umutwe wa 1) cyaherekezwaga n’ituro ry’amavuta n’ifu, kikaba cyari kigenewe guhamya ko Uhoraho ari Nyir’ibintu byose na Rugaba.
— Igitambo cy’ubuhoro (umutwe wa 3, na 7,11–21) cyari kigenewe gukomeza ubucuti n’ubumwe hagati y’Imana n’ugitura. Batwikaga igice kimwe cy’itungo batuye, naho inyama zisigaye bakazirira ahantu habigenewe hafi y’inzu y’Uhoraho; byari nko gusangira n’Imana.
— Igitambo cy’impongano y’icyaha kigenewe kurura Uhoraho kugira ngo babone imbabazi z’ibyaha byabo (cyane cyane umutwe wa 4 n’uwa 5).
2. Ishyirwaho ry’abaherezabitambo ba mbere (umutwe wa 8–10)
Mu bakomoka kuri Levi, Aroni n’abahungu be ni bo batowe n’Imana kugira ngo bakore imirimo yose y’ubuherezabitambo. Igitabo cy’Abalevi kidutekerereza uburyo beguriwe Uhoraho. Ariko ibyo byari byaravuzwe no mu gitabo cy’Iyimukamisiri, mu mutwe wa 29. Abahungu babiri ba Aroni, ari bo Nadabu na Abihu, barapfuye bazize ko batarangije neza ibyo bari bategetswe (10,1–7). Muri iki gice, baratwereka ko umuherezabitambo ari we muhuza w’imbaga n’Imana.
3. Inyigisho zerekeye ibyahumanye n’ibitahumanye (umutwe wa 11–16)
Ubwandure bavuga hano, nta bwo ari icyaha, ahubwo ni ubwoba umuntu aterwa no kwegera ibintu bidasanzwe bishobora kuba byamumerera nabi. Ni ngombwa rero ko uwo muntu asaba Imana ngo ibimurinde hamwe n’abo babana, inamukize n’ingaruka mbi byamutera, maze imuhe kongera kuba muzima nk’uko Imana yamuhanze. Ubwo ni bwo azashobora kuyitura ibitambo biyishimishije.
Mu nyamaswa na ho, harimo izo bazi neza, bagashobora kuzirya nta bwoba. Ariko hari n’izindi bagomba kwirinda ntibazegere, ntibarye inyama zazo. Kuko ku mubiri wazo ziba zifite ubusembwa buzibuza guturwa Imana ho igitambo gishimishije (umutwe wa 11).
Ni kimwe no ku byerekeye ibyara, na byo usanga bibera umuntu urujijo. Ni yo mpamvu umugore umaze kubyara na we agomba kwisukura, agatura Imana igitambo ngo abone gukomeza neza imirimo ye nka mbere (12). Hari kandi n’indwara zifata igitsina cy’umugabo cyangwa cy’umugore, na zo zikabatera inkeke (15).
Hari n’izindi ndwara nyinshi zitazwi neza, cyane cyane iz’uruhu, n’indwara z’ibibembe, maze bagatinya kuzandura. Buri gihe bagombaga gusiganuza umuherezabitambo akagerageza kuvangura indwara zikomeye n’izidakomeye (14).
Nuko rimwe mu mwaka ku munsi mukuru w’imbabazi, ikoraniro ryose ry’Abayisraheli rigasaba imbabazi z’amakosa yabo yose y’uwo mwaka, yaba ayo bakoze babishaka cyangwa batabishaka (16).
4. Itegeko ryo kuba intungane (umutwe 17–26).
Iki gice cyiswe gityo, kuko bakunda gusubiramo kenshi ngo «Imana ni Nyir’ubuzima kandi ni Intungane», bikavuga ko n’umuryango yitoreye na wo ugomba kuba intungane. Ubwo se uwo muryango wakora iki koko ngo ube intungane? Mbere na mbere, ni ukubahiriza ubuzima, kuko ubuzima bwose bukomoka ku Mana. Bityo bazirinda kurya amaraso kuko ubuzima bushingiye ku maraso (17). Bazirinda ibikurura ubusambanyi byose (18). Nta we uzahemukira mugenzi we, cyane cyane abakene n’abanyamahanga (19). Ahubwo «Uzakunde mugenzi wawe nkawe ubwawe» (19,18). — Urwo rukundo rw’Imana na mugenzi wawe, Yezu yarugize ishingiro ry’Inkuru Nziza ye. Abarenga ku buryo bukomeye kuri ayo mategeko nta kindi bakwiye kitari urupfu (20).
Amategeko akurikira yerekeye abaherezabitambo (21), ibitambo ubwabyo (22), iminsi mikuru (23), amaturo (24), imyaka mitagatifu (25). Ukurikiza ayo mategeko azahabwa umugisha, uyaciyeho azavumwa (26).
5. Umutwe wa 27 ni nk’umugereka
Uvuga icyo umuntu azatanga ngo gisimbure icyo yagombaga gutanga kubera umuhigo yahize.
Iki gitabo cy’Abalevi, abakristu ntibakunze kugisoma cyane. Nyamara kitubwira ukuntu Abayisraheli ba kera baturanaga icyubahiro ibitambo byabo; iminsi mikuru y’Uhoraho bakayihimbazanya umutima wuzuye ibyishimo. Abahanuzi bo mu gihe cy’Isezerano rya kera, ntibahwemye kwibutsa ko ibitambo byaba nta kavuro, niba bidaturanywe umutima utaryarya, w’ubutabera kandi w’impuhwe (Amosi, Hozeya, Izayi, n’abandi babakurikiye).
Kuri iki gihe, abakristu ntidutura ibitambo by’amatungo kimwe n’Abayisraheli ba kera. Ibaruwa yandikiwe Abahebureyi, itwumvisha ko byose byujurijwe muri Kristu, we wenyine uhuza Imana n’abantu, akoresheje igitambo kimwe rukumbi, cyo ku musaraba.