Igitabo cy’Abacamanza
IJAMBO RY’IBANZE
Iki gitabo kiraturondorera iby’abantu b’ibirangirire Imana yoherereje umuryango wayo, bakagenda basimburana kugira ngo bawukize amakuba awugarije. N’ubwo bitwa «Abacamanza», ibyo bakoraga biruta kure guhosha amakimbirane mu baturage; bari bashinzwe no kugarura amahoro, guhuza imiryango ya Israheli, gufasha abavandimwe babo kudahemukira Uhoraho, ndetse akenshi bakabayobora ku rugamba.
1. Uko Abayisraheli bari bifashe muri icyo gihe
Igitabo cy’Abacamanza kidutekerereza ibyabaye hagati y’umwaka wa 1200 na 1030 mb. K. Gikurikirana n’icya Yozuwe kandi kikacyuzuza. Icyo gihe Abayisraheli bari bamaze gutura mu gihugu cya Kanahani, cyane cyane mu turere tudatuwe two mu misozi miremire. Guhera ubwo batangira kubaho ku buryo bunyuranye n’ubwa mbere: ubundi bari aborozi, bagahora bimuka bashaka inzuri z’amatungo, none ubu bagiye guhama hamwe babe abahinzi, ndetse bamwe na bamwe bature mu migi. Ariko na bwo ingorane n’ibishuko ntibizabura.
Naho ku byerekeye iyobokamana, Abayisraheli babonaga abaturanyi babo b’Abakanahani basenga ibigirwamana byitwa Behali na Ashitaroti, bemeza ko ari byo bibazanira uburumbuke bw’imyaka, amatungo n’urubyaro. Abayisraheli, n’ubwo basengaga Uhoraho, akenshi bagiye bagwa mu bishuko, bakayoboka n’ibyo bigirwamana bya Kanahani.
Uretse n’ibyo, Abayisraheli bari batarashobora gutsinda abanzi babo burundu. Ndetse hari ubwo Abakanahani babarushaga ingufu, bakagerageza kubakoresha uburetwa cyangwa kubirukana mu gihugu. Ubundi kandi, Abayisraheli bagombaga no guhangana n’abanzi benshi babateraga, baturutse mu turere tubakikije. Abitwa Abamaleki n’Abamadiyani bakundaga kubatera baturutse mu burasirazuba, bakaza kubasahura bagendera ku ngamiya zihuta. Abami b’Abamowabu n’Abahamoni bari batuye hakurya ya Yorudani, na bo bashakashakaga uko babaka amakoro. Ariko ababamereraga nabi kurusha abo bose, ni Abafilisiti, bari batuye mu majyepfo ku nkengero y’Inyanja nini, ari yo ubu twita Mediterane. Bari abantu bamenyereye intambara, bakagira n’intwaro z’ibyuma. Abo Bafilisiti bumvaga imigi yabo itabahagije bigatuma bashaka kwigarurira Kanahani yose.
Israheli se izakomeza ibe umuryango wigenga, yoye kugaragira abandi? Izakomeza se kuba wa muryango Imana yitoreye kugira ngo wizirike ku Isezerano bagiranye? Amakuba ni uko umuryango utari ucyunze ubumwe nko mu gihe cya Yozuwe; buri nzu yari yituriye ukwayo, maze babona nta cyago kibugarije, bakirengagiza abandi.
2. Ibikubiye muri iki gitabo
Umwanditsi w’iki gitabo atangira atwibutsa ukuntu Abayisraheli baje gutura muri Kanahani; mu by’ukuri, gufata icyo gihugu byaratinze, birabagora, ndetse ntibakigarurira cyose (1.1—2.5). Hanyuma atwereka muri rusange uko Abayisraheli bari bifashe muri icyo gihe (2.6—3.6), tukaba twabikubira muri aya magambo uko ari ane: gucumura, guhanwa, kwicuza, kugirirwa imbabazi, kandi ni ko byagiye bigenda kenshi. Koko rero, Abayisraheli bakoze ibidatunganiye Imana, bayoboka ibigirwamana Behali na Ashitaroti (1). Mu kubahana, Uhoraho abegurira amaboko y’abanzi babo, barabakandamiza bikabije (2). Abayisraheli bamaze kwibonera ubuhemu bwabo, batangira kwicuza no gutabaza Uhoraho (3). Nuko Uhoraho arabababarira, kuko ahorana impuhwe, maze aboherereza Abacamanza ngo babakize (4).
Ariko igice kinini cy’iki gitabo kiturondorera ibigwi by’Abacamanza ubwabo. Bose hamwe ni cumi na babiri, ariko ntibahwanyije ubwamamare. Hari abo twakwita «abakuru» (ari bo Otinyeli, Ehudi, Baraki, Gideyoni, Yefute, Samusoni); hakaba n’«abato». Abakuru bavugwaho byinshi, naho abato akenshi nta kindi babatubwiraho, uretse amazina yabo n’abo barwanyije.
Umwanditsi asoza iki gitabo, adutekerereza inkuru ebyiri z’inyongera. Mu mitwe 17–18, atubwira uko Abadani bimutse n’ukuntu bubatse ingoro i Layishi‐Dani. Naho mu mitwe 19–21, avugamo ishyano Ababenyamini bakoreye i Gibeya n’ingaruka zaryo: uwo muryango wose wari ugiye gushirira ku icumu.
3. Izindi nyigisho z’ingenzi ziri muri iki gitabo
Igitabo cya Yozuwe cyatweretse ubudahemuka bw’Abayisraheli igihe bigaruriye igihugu bari barasezeranyijwe, naho iki gitabo cy’Abacamanza kiratugaragariza ubuhemu bwakurikiyeho, uwo muryango ukimara gutura muri Kanahani. Muri icyo gihe, uretse guhemukira Uhoraho, bakoze n’andi mahano menshi, nko kwicira ubusa abo badahuje ubwoko, ubugambanyi, ubujura, n’ubwambuzi. Na bo ariko byarabagarutse, kuko akenshi n’abanzi babo ari ko babagenjereje. Nk’uko tubyumva, muri icyo gihe Abayisraheli bari bakiri kure cyane y’urukundo n’ukubabarira Yezu yigisha mu Ivanjili; ahubwo bari bagikurikiza wa mugani uvuga ngo: Abarwanisha inkota bose bazicishwa inkota (Mt 26,52). Kandi Imana, yo Murezi w’abantu, yari igitangira umurimo wo kubatoza iyo mico myiza ibashakaho.
Imana, yo ihorana imbabazi, yakijije umuryango wayo wicuzaga, ikoresheje abacamanza, ba bantu bari buzuye umwuka wayo. Ariko uwo mukiro wateguriraga undi w’ikirenga Imana yateganyije kuzaha abantu bose, igihe nikigera. Nyuma ya Yozuwe n’abacamanza, Imana yohereje abandi batabazi, na bo buzuye imbaraga zayo; mbese nka Dawudi (1 Sam 16,13), ndetse n’abahanuzi bose. Nyamara, uwasenderejwe uwo Mwuka w’Imana (Roho Mutagatifu) ku buryo bwuzuye, ni Yezu Kristu ukomoka kuri Dawudi, ari na we wahaye abantu bose umukiro w’ikirenga kandi utazashira.