Ibaruwa yandikiwe Abahebureyi
IJAMBO RY’IBANZE
«Abahebureyi» n’ibibazo byabo
Iyi baruwa yandikiwe Abahebureyi, ni ukuvuga abakristu kera bari mu kiyahudi, cyane cyane abo muri Yudeya.
Abo bakristu bari bakeneye ijambo ryabahumuriza (13,22). Benshi muri bo bari batangiye kudohoka ku kwemera kw’iminsi ya mbere bagihinduka abakristu (10,32–34), bari baracitse intege (12,12–13), banatangira gusiba mu makoraniro rusange (10,25). Ntibari barahuguwe bihagije (5,11–14). Bamwe bari barihakanye ukwemera (6,4–6; 10,28–31).
Ni ibitotezo byari byaratumye bagwa (12,4–11). Ahanini ariko icyabaciye intege ni uko bagereranyaga amateka y’idini ya Israheli n’idini ya gikristu, bikabatera gushidikanya. Ku ruhande rw’ikiyahudi, bagasanga ari ibintu bihambaye, biteye igitinyiro n’ubwoba: bavugaga abamalayika, Abrahamu, amasezerano, Musa, Sinayi, Aroni n’abaherezabitambo bamukomokaho, ibitambo n’iyobokadini byaberaga mu Ngoro ntagatifu y’i Yeruzalemu . . . Naho ku ruhande rw’ubukristu byose ugasanga biciye bugufi ndetse byasuzugurwa: Umukiza bavuga yagombye kubabara no gupfa, abigishwa na bo bari mu bitotezo bagiye gushirira ku icumu, amasengesho atakigomba umuherezabitambo, nta bitambo bitwikwa habe n’ibiseswa. Bagereranya ibyo byose bakibaza niba batarayobye umunsi bareka idini y’abasekuruza babo.
Iyi baruwa igamije iki?
Uwanditse iyi baruwa yashatse kubahugura mu byo bashidikanyagaho. Arerekana ko ubukristu busumbye kure idini y’Abayahudi kuko yo yari integuza. Nta mugayo kandi Yezu asumbye kure abamalayika na Musa. Ni Imana Mwana (1,1–4). Niba yaricishije bugufi akageza ubwo asuzugurwa, ni uko yashatse kuba umwe natwe abantu ngo dusangire n’amagorwa tubamo, bityo arusheho gutabara abageragezwa (2,18).
Umuherezagitambo Kristu yagereranywa ate n’abaherezabitambo bakomoka kuri Aroni? Ko bo bari abanyabyaha nk’abandi bantu bose, naho Yezu akaba ari umuzirabwandu, ari isugi izira icyaha. Bo barapfuye, bityo bakajya basimburana, naho Yezu ni umuherezagitambo umwe rukumbi, urupfu nta bubasha rumufiteho kuko ari Uhoraho. Ibitambo bya kera byamenaga amaraso y’inyamaswa ariko ntibihanagure ibyaha, naho ayo Yezu yamennye rimwe rizima ni aye bwite kandi yaturokoye twese. Mbese idini ya kera yacaga amarenga, yateguraga ibyo Kristu yatunganije.
Ni ngombwa rero kugaragaza ubutwari no kudacogora mu gukurikiza inyigisho. Niba hariho ibitotezo, ni uko Imana igerageza abo ikunda. Ni ukuba nk’abatagatifu ba kera, nka Abeli, Henoki, Nowa, Abrahamu, Sara, n’abandi benshi bababaye bakaberaho gutegereza Umukiza (11,1–40). Ubwo Umukiza yaje, bizaba ngombwa kubabara nka we kugira ngo tuzasangire ikuzo na we (12,1–3).
Ni nde wanditse iyi baruwa?
Kera bahamyaga ko ari Pawulo: inyigisho irasa n’iye, ariko imvugo n’imyandikire si ibye. Bamwe baketse ko ari Apolo (1 Kor 1,12) waba warayanditse ahagana mu mwaka wa 65. Nta we uzi neza uwayanditse. Ibyo ari byo byose, nta washidikanya ko ari umwigishwa wa Pawulo. Dutege amatwi uwo muntu utubwiriza kudacogora mu kurwanya icyaha no guhora turangamiye Yezu Kristu: nta wundi twizeye (12,1–6).
x mt1 Ibaruwa yandikiwe Abahebureyi