Igitabo cy’Iyimukamisiri
IMANA YIMURA ABAYISRAHELI MU GIHUGU CYA MISIRI
Igitabo mugiye gusoma ni cyo gikurikira icy’Intangiriro, kikanagikomeza. Kidutekerereza birambuye cya gikorwa cy’ingenzi cyabaye mu mateka y’Abayisraheli: ukwimuka mu Misiri. Mu by’ukuri, kubohorwa mu bucakara bwo mu Misiri, kugirana Isezerano n’Uhoraho kuri Sinayi, no kubaho imyaka mirongo ine mu butayu, ni byo byatumye abakomoka kuri Abrahamu, Izaki na Yakobo bahinduka ihanga ryigenga, n’umuryango witorewe n’Imana.
Iki gitabo, umuntu yakigabanyamo ibice bitandatu.
1. Imana yimura Abayisraheli mu gihugu cya Misiri (umutwe wa 1,1—15.21)
Yakobo n’abahungu be cumi na babiri bari barasuhukiye mu Misiri (reba Intg 46–50). Bahamara imyaka igera nko kuri 400; hagati aho ababakomokaho baba benshi cyane. Abanyamisiri rero batangira kubikanga, maze babakoresha imirimo y’agahato. Ariko Imana ntiyibagirwa amasezerano yagiranye n’abasekuruza babo. Nuko ibategurira umuntu uzababohora, ari we Musa, wo mu muryango wa Levi. Imana imuhishurira izina ryayo, ari ryo “Uhoraho”; maze imutegeka kujyana n’umuvandimwe we Aroni kwa Farawo, ngo bamusabe kureka Abayisraheli bakava mu Misiri. Nyamara Farawo yanga kubumva; bituma Abanyamisiri baterwa n’ibyago cumi bikomeye. Amaherezo Farawo arabarekura. Abayisraheli bava mu Misiri ku munsi mukuru wa Pasika, bagenda bwangu berekeza iburasirazuba. Ingabo za Farawo zibomaho ngo zibafate. Abayisraheli bambuka Inyanja y’Urufunzo ku buryo butangaje, naho Abanyamisiri benshi bararohama.
2. Urugendo rw’Abayisraheli mu butayu (umutwe wa 15,22—18.27)
Bamaze kurenga umupaka wa Misiri, Abayisraheli bagera mu butayu bugari. Kuhaba birabarushya: imbaga ihicirwa n’inzara n’inyota. Nuko batangira kwijujutira Imana na Musa, basaba ibyo kurya n’amazi. Ubwo Uhoraho abaha amazi adudubiza mu rutare, abaha ikiribwa cyitwa manu, azana n’inkware ngo bazirye! Ariko iyo mbaga ntiyabura kwerekana ko ifite umutima unangiye n’ukwemera guke! Musa abona ko ari ngombwa kubakosora. Bigeze aho ashyiraho abazamufasha guca imanza no kuyobora rubanda.
3. Imana igirana Isezerano na Israheli (umutwe wa 19–24)
Hashize amezi atatu, bagera mu nsi y’umusozi wa Sinayi. Imana yimenyekesha Abayisraheli mu mirabyo n’inkuba nyinshi; ariko cyane cyane yibwira Musa mu mpinga y’umusozi, iti “Ni jyewe Uhoraho Imana yawe wagukuye mu gihugu cya Misiri, mu nzu y’ubucakara” (20.2). Kubera urukundo ibakunda, Imana ibatoraho umuryango w’umwihariko; ariko Abayisraheli na bo bakagomba kwitabira urwo rukundo, no kumvira amategeko cumi Imana ibahaye; bityo bakabaho nk’abana b’Imana koko, n’abavandimwe. Mu mutwe wa 21,22 na 23 bongeyemo n’andi mategeko n’amabwiriza menshi asobanura ya Mategeko cumi. Ayo icumi yandikwa ku bimanyu bibiri by’amabuye. Hanyuma Isezerano rihuza Imana n’umuryango wayo ryuzurishwa ibitambo no kumisha amaraso ku rutambiro no kuri rubanda. Nguko uko Isezerano twita ubu irya kera ryashinzwe.
4. Amategeko yerekeye Ingoro y’Uhoraho (umutwe wa 25–31)
Musa ategekwa n’Imana kubaka ihema ryiza kandi rigari cyane (rikitwa Ingoro y’Uhoraho cyangwa Ihema ry’ibonaniro), aho bazashobora kuza gusengera Imana. Iryo hema ry’ibonaniro bashoboraga kurishingura bakarijyana ahandi, bakurikije uko rubanda bagendaga mu butayu. Igitabo cy’Iyimukamisiri kiturondorera ibikoresho byose Abayisraheli bifashishaga batura ibitambo, banasenga. Iby’ingenzi muri ibyo, ni ubushyinguro bw’Isezerano n’urutambiro.
5. Ikimasa cya zahabu (umutwe wa 32–34)
Mu gihe Musa yari ku musozi wa Sinayi imbere y’Imana, rubanda bararambiwe, bibagirwa amategeko y’Imana, maze bahatira Aroni kubakorera ikigirwamana cya zahabu gisa n’ikimasa, hanyuma batangira gusenga Uhoraho bifashishije iryo shusho ry’igikoko. Uhoraho ararakara, ariko Musa yinginga Uhoraho ngo ababarire uwo muryango wari umaze guhemuka ku Isezerano. Nuko Imana iramwumva, ibabarira iyo mbaga, ibasubirira mu mategeko yayo, nuko Isezerano riravugururwa.
6. Iyubakwa ry’Ingoro y’Uhoraho (umutwe wa 35–40)
Muri iki gice, baradutekerereza uburyo Musa yubahirije amategeko yose yari yahawe yerekeye Ingoro y’Uhoraho. Yubaka Ihema ry’ibonaniro, anatunganya ibikoresho byaryo byose. Imirimo y’ubwubatsi irangiye, iryo hema ry’ibonaniro ryegurirwa Uhoraho.
Ibyo byose byabaye ahagana mu mwaka wa 1250–1200 mbere ya Yezu Kristu; ariko igitabo cy’Iyimukamisiri cyo cyanditswe hashize imyaka myinshi nyuma y’ibyo. Kimwe n’igitabo cy’Intangiriro, abahanga b’ubu bakeka ko na cyo baba baratangiye kucyandika mu gihe cy’umwami Salomoni n’abamusimbuye, ariko bakarangiza kucyandika nyuma y’uko Abayisraheli bajyanwa bunyago i Babiloni. Nyamara kuva kera cyane, Abayisraheli babyitagaho, ntihagire icyo bibagirwa mu bitangaza byinshi Imana yari yarabakoreye mu Misiri no mu butayu. Ababyeyi babitekererezaga abana babo, abakuru b’imiryango n’abaherezabitambo bakigisha rubanda ibyerekeye Isezerano n’amategeko. Kandi buri mwaka, ku munsi mukuru wa Pasika, bakongera bakarya intama ya Pasika biyibutsa ijoro baviriyeho mu Misiri; bakaririmba zaburi bahimbaza iryo bohorwa ryabo, maze bakajya babwirana bati “Nta bwo ari ababyeyi bacu bonyine, ahubwo ni buri wese muri twe Imana yakuye mu bucakara bwo mu Misiri.”
Kuri twebwe abakristu b’ubu, bidufitiye akamaro kanini gusoma no kuzirikana iki gitabo cy’Iyimukamisiri, kuko kirimo myigisho nyinshi zigenura iby’ubukristu.
Ibohorwa ry’Abahebureyi mu bucakara bwo mu Misiri, babikesheje Musa intumwa y’Imana, ritwibutsa ko tugomba guharanira kubohoza abavandimwe bacu bose barengana, bagakandamizwa n’abakomeye. Natwe kandi dukeneye kubohorwa kuri byinshi: ibyaha, intege nke, umutima mubi, ubugome, ubwirasi, n’ibindi … Imana ishaka kudukiza twese ikoresheje Umwana wayo Yezu Kristu.
Kwambuka inyanja y’Urufunzo, kuri twebwe abakristu bitwibutsa Batisimu twahawe; ari na yo idukiza icyaha n’ikibi, ikatwinjiza mu muryango mushya w’abana b’Imana, ari wo Kiliziya.
Isezerano rya kera ryabereye kuri Sinayi, ryahanuraga Isezerano rishya amahanga yose akesha Yezu Kristu. Kandi ushaka kwinjira mu bugingo bw’iteka, na n’ubu agomba gukomeza gukurikiza amategeko y’Imana (reba Mk 10,17–19). Yezu ntiyayakuyeho, ahubwo yarayanonosoye, agira ati “Nimukundane nk’uko nabakunze” (Yh 15,12).
Kera baturaga Uhoraho ibitambo byinshi by’amatungo, bibwira ko ari byo bimushimisha. Nyamara igitambo kinogera Uhoraho byimazeyo ni kimwe rukumbi: ni cya kindi Umwana wayo Yezu yaturiye ku musaraba kugira ngo acungure bene muntu, kandi kikavugururwa buri munsi mu gitambo cy’Ukaristiya.