Igitabo cy’Ivugururamategeko
IJAMBO RY’IBANZE
Iki gitabo ni cyo gikurikira icy’Ibarura, ariko nta nkuru nshya mu mateka y’Abayisraheli kidutekerereza. Mu ntangiriro yacyo batubwira aho imbaga yari igejeje urugendo, mu gihugu cya Mowabu, iburasirazuba bwa Yorudani (1,5), ari na ho Musa azapfira (34,5). Kugira ngo tumenye uko byagenze ngo bigarurire igihugu cya Kanahani cyari cyarasezeranyijwe abasokuruza babo Abrahamu, Izaki na Yakobo, ni ngombwa gutegereza igitabo cya Yozuwe.
Iki gitabo cy’Ivugururamategeko kirimo iki? Ahanini kirimo inyigisho nyinshi n’amabwiriza Musa aha Abayisraheli, kugira ngo abibutse Isezerano bagiranye n’Uhoraho ku musozi wa Horebu (Sinayi), hashize imyaka nka mirongo ine; maze bajye baryubahiriza n’umutima wabo wose, n’imbaraga zabo zose. Musa yibanda ku ivugururwa ry’amategeko yavuzwe mu bitabo byabanje. Hamwe na hamwe yongeramo ayandi, ariko cyane cyane abacengezamo ko bagomba kuyakurikiza nta buhemu, bakunda Imana yabo imwe rukumbi, babone batyo guhabwa umugisha wayo, banezerwe kandi bakire. Naho guhemuka kuri iryo Sezerano byabakururira ibyago byinshi.
Dore ibice by’ingenzi by’icyo gitabo:
1. Ijambo Musa yavuze ubwa mbere (1,1—4,44)
Mbere na mbere, Musa abibutsa ibyabereye mu butayu byose, bamaze kuva ku musozi wa Horebu (ari wo Sinayi). Abibutsa uko yashyizeho abacamanza (1,9–18), uko yohereje abatasi mu gihugu cya Kanahani (1,19–46), n’uko imbaga yacitse intege. Anabibutsa rwa rugendo rurerure bagize banyura mu bihugu bya Edomu, Mowabu n’icy’Abahamoni, uko batsinze abami Sihoni na Ogi bakigarurira ibihugu byabo (2–3).
Hanyuma Musa abasaba akomeje kuzirikana ibyiza byose Imana yabagiriye, cyane cyane igihe ibimenyesheje, ikabaha Itegeko ryayo. Anabihanangiriza agira ati «Muramenye ntimuzahemukire Uhoraho, musenga ibigirwamana!» (4,1–33).
2. Ijambo Musa yavuze ubwa kabiri (4,45—11,32)
Yongera kubibutsa ibyabereye kuri Horebu no mu butayu, kugira ngo barusheho gufata umugambi wo kudahemuka. Bajye bibuka Amategeko cumi baherewe n’Imana ku musozi (5), biyumvishe ko bakwiye gukunda Uhoraho Imana yabo, n’umutima wabo wose, n’imbaraga zabo zose (6). Hanyuma Musa arabihanangiriza ngo bazirinde ibishuko bazabonera mu gihugu basezeranyijwe; anababuza gusenga ibigirwamana byaho nk’uko basenze ikimasa cya zahabu (7,10).
3. Amategeko y’Uhoraho (12,1—26,19)
Hakurikiraho amategeko menshi cyane; hafi ya yose asanzwe ari mu gitabo cy’Iyim, Lev, Ibar. Ariko igitabo cy’Ivugururamategeko cyibanda ku buryo bw’umwihariko ku ngingo zikurikira: kwitandukanya n’Abakanahani ni ngombwa kugira ngo batazashukwa na bo, bakemera iby’idini yabo; kandi bagomba gusengera Uhoraho ahantu hamwe gusa azaba yihitiyemo. N’ubwo bitavuzwe mu gitabo, tuzi ko hazaba ari i Yeruzalemu.
4. Uko Abayisraheli bazibuka Isezerano bagiranye n’Uhoraho (27,1—28,68)
Iki gice gisobanura uko Abayisraheli bazasubira mu Isezerano bagiranye n’Uhoraho Imana yabo, bamaze kugera mu gihugu cya Kanahani. Ibyo bizaba bahagaze mu micyamu y’imisozi ibiri, Ebali na Garizimu, ikikije umugi wa Sikemu. Nuko rubanda rwose ruzavume abasuzugura Itegeko ry’Imana, rusabire umugisha abaryubaha bose.
5. Ijambo Musa yavuze ubwa nyuma (28,69—30,20)
Inyigisho ya nyuma ya Musa si ndende nk’iza mbere: yongera kwibutsa ibigwi bitangaje by’Uhoraho, ko bakwiye kudahemuka ku Isezerano, no kugarukira Uhoraho vuba igihe bacumuye.
6. Isezera rya Musa n’urupfu rwe (31,1—34,12)
Musa amaze gusaza cyane, atora Yozuwe ngo azamusimbure; maze amubwiriza uko azayobora umuryango mu gihugu cyasezeranyijwe.
Igitabo kirangizwa n’indirimbo n’imigisha. Kandi mu magambo make, batubwira iby’urupfu rwa Musa: we urusha ubukuru abandi bahanuzi ba Israheli bose, yahambwe ahantu hatazwi.
Kimwe n’ibindi bitabo twabonye kugeza ubu (Intg, Iyim, Lev, Ibar), igitabo cy’Ivugururamategeko kirimo ibice binyuranye: bimwe na bimwe birimo amategeko ya kera cyane, yo ku gihe Abayisraheli bazereraga mu butayu bari kumwe na Musa; ariko uko imyaka yagiye isimburana, bamaze gutura no guhinga igihugu cya Kanahani, bongeyeho buhoro buhoro andi mategeko menshi. Mu gitabo cya 2 Bami 22 badutekerereza uko umwami Yoziya (640–609) yatahuye mu Ngoro y’Uhoraho i Yeruzalemu «igitabo cy’Amategeko». Icyo gitabo yahasanze, abahanga bakeka ko ari igice kimwe cy’igitabo cy’Ivugururamategeko dufite ubu, mbese ni cya gice kivuga ko ari ngombwa gusenya insengero z’Abakanahani no gusengera i Yeruzalemu (12,1—26,19); kuko ari ko umwami Yoziya abigenza amaze gusoma icyo gitabo yasanze mu Ngoro.
Kuri twebwe abakristu, gusoma no kuzirikana igitabo cy’Ivugururamategeko bidufitiye akamaro kanini cyane. Abayisraheli ba kera bagombaga gushimira Imana imwe y’ukuri, kubera ko yabatoye mu yandi mahanga menshi yasengaga ibigirwamana, maze ikabagira umuryango wayo w’umwihariko. Naho se twebwe, ntitwatorewe kuba umuryango mushya w’Imana ushinzwe kubumbira amahanga yose hamwe? Uretse Amategeko cumi y’Imana, Abayisraheli bagombaga gukunda no gukurikiza babyitayeho ayandi mabwiriza n’imiziro bitabarika byagengaga imibereho yabo ya buri munsi. Naho twebwe, Yezu Kristu yatuzaniye Itegeko rye rishya rishingiye ku rukundo rw’Imana n’urw’abandi bose. Iryo Tegeko rye ni umutwaro woroshye dukwiye kwikorera twishimye, tukifatanya na We. Ibyinshi mu byakurikizwaga kera byavanyweho n’Inkuru Nziza ya Yezu, kandi ubu ngubu Roho Mutagatifu utuye mu mitima yacu ni we utwumvisha uko dukwiye kugenza buri munsi nk’abana b’Imana n’abavandimwe. Igihe dusoma igitabo cy’Ivugururamategeko, tujye twumva ko bya bikorwa by’agatangaza Imana yakoreye umuryango wayo iwukura mu bucakara bwa Misiri, na n’ubu ibikomeza ikabyuzuriza mu Isezerano rishya idukiza icyaha n’urupfu ngo itwinjize mu bugingo bw’iteka.
mt1 Igitabo cy’Ivugururamategeko