Igitabo cya mbere cya Samweli
IJAMBO RY’IBANZE
Iki gitabo kirakomeza amateka ya Israheli batangiye kudutekerereza mu gitabo cya Yozuwe n’icy’Abacamanza. Uwo mugabo Samweli, uvugwa cyane mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’iki gitabo, ni we uheruka Abacamanza, kandi ni we wazanye ubwami muri Israheli. Kugeza icyo gihe, imiryango ya Israheli yari nyamwigendaho, umwe ukikubira mu ntara yawo, ntiwite ku yindi. Iyo bamwe muri bo baterwaga, umucamanza agahuruza abandi ngo babatabare, gushyira hamwe byarabagoraga. Kugira ngo batarimbuka rero bari bakeneye umutegetsi wemewe na bose, akababumbira hamwe; mbese bari bakeneye umwami.
1. Ibiri muri iki gitabo n’imiterere yacyo
Umuntu yakigabanyamo ibice bitatu by’ingenzi:
I. SAMWELI (1–7). Muri iki gice cya mbere, baradutekerereza iby’ivuka rya Samweli ryabaye ingororano y’amasengesho ya nyina, kuko yari yarabaye aho nta kana. Nyina rero amwegurira Uhoraho mu Ngoro ye i Silo. Uhoraho amutorera kuba umuhanuzi we, naho inzu y’umuherezabitambo mukuru Heli iranyagwa kubera ingeso mbi z’abahungu be bombi. Ntibyatinze abo bahungu ba Heli bagwa ku rugamba, ahitwa Afeki, igihe Israheli yarwanaga n’Abafilisiti (ahagana 1050 mb. K). Heli yumvise iyo nkuru y’incamugongo, amenye kandi ko n’Ubushyinguro bw’Uhoraho bwanyazwe, agahinda kamwahuranya umutima ahita apfa. Ariko n’Abafilisiti, Uhoraho abateza ibyago bikaze, bahita basubiza Abayisraheli Ubushyinguro bw’Isezerano. Samweli aba umucamanza n’umurokozi w’umuryango we.
II. SAMWELI NA SAWULI (8–15). Ubwo Samweli yari amaze kugera mu zabukuru, maze Abayisraheli baramubwira bati «Twimikire umwami uzajya adutegeka kugira ngo natwe tumere nk’andi mahanga yose» (8.20). Samweli abanza gushidikanya kuko yavugaga ati «Uhoraho ni we Mwami rukumbi wa Israheli» (8.7; 12,12). Nuko akurikije inama agiriwe n’Uhoraho, yimika Sawuli, amusiga amavuta y’ubwami (ahagana 1030 mb. K.). N’ubwo atari ashyigikiwe na bose, Sawuli yatsinze kenshi Abafilisiti, afatanyije n’umuhungu we Yonatani. Nyamara byageze aho Uhoraho amwigizayo kuko yari yasuzuguye amabwiriza Samweli yamuhaye.
III. SAWULI NA DAWUDI (16–31). Hanyuma Samweli asiga rwihishwa umusore witwa Dawudi amavuta y’ubwami. Dawudi aza kujya ibwami, aba umugaragu wa Sawuli, maze bidatinze aba indatwa kubera ubutwari yagize ku rugamba, igihe yiganzuye wa Mufilisiti wari warigize kabutindi. Ikuzo Dawudi yahawe ryatumye Sawuli amugirira ishyari, agerageza kumwica incuro nyinshi, ari ko biramuburira. Nuko Dawudi ahungira kure mu butayu, ahakoranyiriza agatsiko k’abantu, ababera umutware. Ubwo Abafilisiti ntibaretse gutera Israheli, maze ku rugamba rw’i Gilibowa, Abayisraheli bashirira ku icumu (ahagana 1010 mb. K.), na Sawuli n’umuhungu we Yonatani barahagwa.
2.Uburyo banditse iki gitabo
Iyo umuntu asomye iki gitabo yitonze, ni bwo agenda atahura buhoro uko cyanditswe. Harimo inkuru nyinshi, nyamara akenshi imwe isubira mu byavuzwe mu yindi. Ni nk’uko batubwira incuro ebyiri ukuntu imbaga yimitse Sawuli (10,17–27; 11,15), bakatubwira n’ukuntu Dawudi yatangiye kuba kwa Sawuli incuro ebyiri (16,14—17,11; 17,12–30). Hari n’inkuru ebyiri zivuga ukuntu Dawudi yahunze umwami, hakaba n’izindi ebyiri zirondora uko yirinze kwica Sawuli, n’ukuntu yahungiye ku mwami w’i Gati, bakabidutekerereza incuro ebyiri. Muri izo nkuru kandi hari aho usanga bemera ubwami, hakaba n’aho batabushyigikiye.
Birumvikana, ibyo byose bivugwa kuri Heli na Samweli, hamwe n’inkuru zirondora iby’Ubushyinguro bw’Isezerano n’intambara Abayisraheli barwanye n’Abafilisiti, kimwe n’ibyerekeye Sawuli na Dawudi, byose rubanda babanje kujya babitekererezanya, igisekuruza kimwe kikabisigira ikindi. Byaratinze ariko, nko mu gihe cy’abami ba nyuma, rya tsinda ry’abantu banditse igitabo cya Yozuwe n’icy’Abacamanza, biyemeza gukomeza umurimo wabo; maze izo nkuru zose tumaze kuvuga bazikusanyiriza hamwe, nuko bazandika muri iki gitabo.
3. Inyigisho z’ingenzi z’iki gitabo
Bashingiye ku nyigisho zo mu gitabo cy’Ivugururamategeko, abanditse igitabo cya mbere cya Samweli baributsa abagisoma imyifatire igomba kuranga igihugu n’abategetsi bacyo, kugira ngo bahorane ubutoni kuri Uhoraho. Mbere na mbere, Samweli ashimirwa ko yari ahagarariye Imana koko mu bavandimwe be, akaba umuhanuzi wayo uhora ayirwanira ishyaka muri Israheli, ntahweme kubibutsa ko umwami w’ukuri wa Israheli ari Uhoraho. Nyamara n’umwami usanzwe yabagirira akamaro, aramutse yemeye kuba igisonga cy’Imana no kuyobora rubanda mu nzira y’Amategeko yayo. Mu byo akora byose, umwami azahorana abahanuzi bamufasha, kugira ngo ategekane umurava n’ubutabera, yirinde guharanira ikuzo rye bwite. Bityo rero Imana ikazamwifashisha, maze igakorera umuryango wayo ibintu by’agatangaza.
Ese Sawuli ni we uzashobora kuba umwami nk’uko Uhoraho abyifuza? Agitangira yabaye intwari, ariko buhoro buhoro ingeso mbi ziramuganza; hakaba ubwo atwarwa n’uburakari, ishyari n’uburyarya. Amaherezo Samweli amushinja ko yasuzuguye amategeko y’Uhoraho (15,9–26), Uhoraho na we ahita amukura ku Ngoma.
Sawuli amaze guhigikwa, haza Dawudi intore y’indahemuka yanyuze Imana koko. Yari afite uburanga agakundwa na bose; yari intwari ku rugamba, akaba umusizi n’umuririmbyi. Nyamara igisumbye ibyo byose, ni uko yayobotse Imana n’umutima we wose. Yanze kwica Sawuli kuko ari intore y’Uhoraho yasizwe amavuta, ahubwo ahitamo kwiringira Uhoraho. Ibyo byose ariko, ntibyabujije Dawudi no kuba umunyantege nke n’umunyabyaha; hari ubwo yahubukaga, ubundi ntatinye kwica abanzi be; nyamara yamaraga kwiyumvisha icyaha cye, agasaba imbabazi Uhoraho nta buryarya.
Igitabo cya kabiri cya Samweli kizarushaho kudusobanurira izo ngingo zose tumaze kubona. Iyo ubizirikanye, usanga Dawudi azagira umwanya ukomeye cyane mu mugambi w’imana.
mt1 Igitabo cya mbere cya Samweli
mt2 I. SAMWELI