Ibaruwa ya mbere Pawulo intumwa yandikiye Abanyakorinti
IJAMBO RY’IBANZE
Kiliziya y’i Korinti
Pawulo yamaze amezi 18 i Korinti kugira ngo ahamamaze Inkuru Nziza (Intu 18,1–8); yahereye mu mwaka wa 50 ageza mu wa 52. Icyo gihe, Korinti yari umwe mu migi minini cyane y’Ubugereki, ifite abaturage hafi 500.000. Yari ituwe n’abacuruzi n’abasare; amato yabisikanaga mu byambu byawo bibiri, aje gutura cyangwa kwikorera ibicuruzwa.
I Korinti wahasangaga abantu b’imihanda yose, n’amadini menshi kandi anyuranye. Ubundi kandi, wari umugi w’amaraha n’uburaya. Bahambarizaga cyane cyane Aforodita wari ikigirwamanakazi cy’urukundo, maze mu ngoro yacyo, abagabo n’abagore benshi bakishora mu busambanyi kugira ngo bagiheshe ikuzo. Uretse n’iryo dini ry’Abagereki, hasakaraga n’andi madini yaturutse mu burasirazuba, agakurura abantu benshi kubera inyigisho zayo z’urujijo n’imihango yayo y’amareshwa. Nyuma y’ibyo kandi, hari Abayahudi benshi i Korinti, ariko bo bagasenga Imana imwe y’ukuri, kandi bagakomeza gukurikiza imihango yose y’idini n’amategeko ya Musa.
Icyo gihe kandi, i Korinti hari amashuri yigishaga itakamvugo n’izindi nyigisho zinyuranye z’ubuhanga, ariko ugasanga zivuguruzanya. Cyakora ibyo byose byari bigenewe abakire gusa, kuko abenshi mu baturage bari abakene n’injiji. Abacakara na bo bari benshi cyane.
Ikoraniro ry’abakristu b’i Korinti bari bitabiriye inyigisho ya Pawulo, na ryo ryari rigizwe n’abantu b’ingeri zose. Harimo bamwe mu bakire, n’abakene benshi (11,21–22); harimo bamwe mu bigenga, hakaba n’abacakara benshi (7,21); bamwe na bamwe mu bize kandi biyubashye na bo barimo, ariko ugasanga abo muri rubanda rugufi ndetse rusuzuguritse ari bo benshi (1,28).
Iryo koraniro ryagiraga ubuntu kandi rigasenga cyane, uretse ko ryari hagati y’imitego myinshi: ubusambanyi, kwicamo uduce, intonganya, no kuba bakurikira inyigisho z’abigishabuhanga cyangwa ibinyoma by’amadini yo mu mahanga, bakabivanga n’ukuri kw’Inkuru Nziza ya Yezu Kristu. Kubaho gikristu hagati y’abo bantu batekerezaga ukwabo kandi bakikorera ibyabo, byari biruhije.
Iyi baruwa igamije iki?
Kuva aho Pawulo aviriye i Korinti, ni ho ingorane zahugarije. Yaje ndetse kubagoboka, abandikira ibaruwa (tutagifite ubu), ari na yo avuga muri 1 Kor 5,9–11. Nyuma, Apolo, umwigisha w’icyamamare (Intu 18,24–28) yaduka i Korinti azanye n’abandi banyabutumwa, bakavuga ko boherejwe na Kefasi ari we Petero. Abanyakorinti bahise bicamo uduce, bakagereranya ubushobozi bw’abo bigisha banyuranye; bamwe bakayoboka uyu, abandi uriya. Bajyaga impaka bashingiye ku buhanga bw’abantu aho kugendera ku ijambo ry’Imana. Icyo gihe, Pawulo we yigishirizaga Efezi, maze ibyo byose abibwirwa n’abantu atumweho na Kolowe (1 Kor 1,11–12).
Izindi nkuru zidafututse zageze kuri Pawulo: bati umukristu runaka aryamana na muka se; bati abatagatifujwe b’i Korinti bajya kuburanira imbere y’inkiko z’abatazi Imana; bati hariho n’abemeza ko bafite uburenganzira bwo gukora ibyo bishakiye byose, nko gusambana. Mu makoraniro matagatifu no mu Isangira rya Nyagasani, harimo akajagari. Hari ndetse n’abandi bahakana zimwe mu ngingo z’ukuri twahishuriwe, bakemeza ko izuka ry’abapfuye ritazigera ribaho.
Ni bwo abakristu b’i Korinti ubwabo biyemeje gutuma batatu mu b’imena ari bo Sitefana, Forutunati n’Akayiki, gushyira ibaruwa Pawulo wari ukiri Efezi (1 Kor 16,17). Bashakaga ibisobanuro ku bibazo byinshi bari baragiyeho impaka. Hari nk’icyerekeye gushaka no kudashaka, n’ikindi cy’inyama zatuweho ibitambo by’ibigirwamana mu masengero y’abanyamahanga. Pawulo ni bwo abandikiye ibaruwa ubu twita iya mbere y’Abanyakorinti, isubiza ibyo bibazo byose. Ubwo hari mu ntangiriro y’umwaka wa 55.
Inyigisho z’ingenzi ziri muri iyi baruwa
— Ikibazo cy’ubumwe (1,10–17) — Pawulo arasaba abakristu b’i Korinti ngo bahoshe amakimbirane abasubiza inyuma, ahubwo ngo bashishikarire kunga ubumwe. Bishoboka bite ko ingingo z’umubiri wa Kristu, wabambiwe bose, wakwibyaramo amatage?
— Ubuhanga bw’Imana butambutse kure ubw’abantu (1,18—2,16) — Abirasi ntibashobora kumva ukuntu Imana ishobora kudukiza no kudutagatifurisha umusaraba wa Yezu. Ibiri amambu, abima amatwi ayo magambo y’abirasi, bakiyoroshya, bakicisha bugufi, abo bazamurikirwa na Roho Mutagatifu, maze babone ingabire zitagira ingano Imana itanga ku buntu bwayo.
— Imanza hagati y’abavandimwe (61–11) — Pawulo ababajwe n’imanza ziri hagati y’abakristu. Abavandimwe bagomba koroherana, buri wese akava ku izima, ngo amahoro aganze. Niba hari impaka zivutse mu bavandimwe, aho kwirukira mu nkiko z’abantu, ibyiza ni ukwiyunga bifashishije abakuru mu matorero, basheshe akanguhe.
— Imihango ya gipagani na yo iteye inkeke (8,1–13 na 10,14–33) — Ese biremewe kurya inyama zatuwe ibigirwamana? Oya, kuko byaba ari ugusangira na Sekibi. Dufite igitambo cyacu: inkongoro y’umugisha ni ugusangira amaraso ya Kristu; umugati tumanyura, ni ugusangira umubiri wa Kristu (10,16). Niba hari ibikomoka ku byatuwe ibigirwamana bikagera ku isoko, icyo gihe n’umukristu ashobora kwirira; ariko se, niba byagusha umuvandimwe Kristu yapfiriye, kuki utabyirinda? (8,1–3).
— Amabwiriza Pawulo atanga yerekeye ugushyingirwa (7,1–39) — Ayo mabwiriza akwiye kuzirikanwa cyane mu rumuri rutangwa na Roho Mutagatifu. Kudahemukirana no kudatandukana ni itegeko. Naho kudashaka, kuri bamwe bituma biyegurira Nyagasani kurushaho.
— Isangira rya Nyagasani (11,17–34) — Iyi nyigisho ni ingenzi cyane. Pawulo aratugezaho ibyo na we yashyikirijwe byerekeye iremwa ry’Ukaristiya, «ijoro Nyagasani agambaniwemo.» Aributsa Abanyakorinti kimwe na twe twese, icyubahiro tugomba guhanwa umubiri n’amaraso bya Nyagasani.
— Ingabire za Roho Mutagatifu (12,1–31) — Ni nyinshi cyane kandi zose zitangwa na Roho umwe. Twese tugize umubiri umwe muri Kristu; buri wese ni ingingo y’uwo mubiri, afite umwanya n’umurimo we, yaherewe ingabire, kandi twese dushobora guharanira ingabire yisumbuye izindi, ari yo urukundo rwa kivandimwe (12,31—13,1–13). Iki gice cy’inyandiko ya Pawulo ni akataraboneka mu byo abakristu bose banditse. Ni muri icyo gice dusangamo igisingizo Pawulo Mutagatifu yanditse ku rukundo (13,1–13).
— Izuka ry’abapfuye— Ishingiro ry’iryo zuka rya bose, ni izuka rya Kristu (15,1–58). Ni inyigisho ikomeye cyane kandi y’iremezo, Pawulo atubwiramo abahamya bose b’iryo zuka rya Nyagasani, We Muzukambere mu bapfuye, kandi agahamya ko muri iryo zuka, imibiri yacu izahindurwa ukundi na Roho Mutagatifu.