Ibitabo by’Amateka — Ezira — Nehemiya
IJAMBO RY’IBANZE
Igitabo cya kabiri cy’Abami kirangiza kidutekerereza amaherezo y’ingoma ya Yuda: ingabo za Nebukadinetsari, umwami wa Babiloni, zamaze gutwika umugi wa Yeruzalemu n’Ingoro y’Uhoraho, zica umwami Sedekiya, zigabiza ibyegera bye n’imbaga nyamwinshi, bajyanwa bunyago i Babiloni. Ni ho bazamara imyaka 50 kure y’igihugu cyabo. Nyamara icyo gihe, uwanditse bya bitabo bitandatu, kuva ku cya Yozuwe kugeza ku cya kabiri cy’Abami, ntiyari akiriho, kugira ngo adutekerereze ibyabaye nyuma.
Iby’amahirwe, haduka undi mwanditsi, akomereza aho uwo yari agejeje. Ntituzi izina rye, gusa twakeka ko yaba ari umuherezabitambo cyangwa umulevi w’i Yeruzalemu, kuko yibanda cyane ku mugi mutagatifu, ku Ngoro y’Uhoraho n’abahereza bayo. Uwo muntu na we yiyemeza kwandika inkuru ndende ku muryango we, ayikubira mu bitabo bine, ari byo ubu twita: igitabo cya mbere n’icya kabiri by’Amateka, icya Ezira, n’icya Nehemiya.
Ibitabo byombi by’Amateka usanga akenshi bisubira mu byavuzwe mu bitabo bya Samweli n’iby’Abami, ariko mu magambo avunaguye (reba ijambo ry’ibanze ry’ibyo bitabo by’Amateka). Umwanditsi nta cyo atubwira ku buryo Abayahudi babayeho muri Babiloni, ahubwo ahita asobanura impamvu n’uburyo abari barajyanywe bunyago bashoboye kugaruka mu gihugu cyabo. Hanyuma akavuga ku buryo burambuye uko Ezira, wari umuherezabitambo n’umwanditsi, kimwe na Nehemiya, umutegetsi w’igihugu, bavuguruye umuryango wabo.
mt1 Igitabo cya mbere cy’Amateka
mt2 IJAMBO RY’IBANZE
1. Ibiri muri iki gitabo n’imiterere yacyo
Umuntu yakigabanyamo ibice bibiri bikurikira:
Igice cya mbere: AMASEKURU (1–9). Muri iyo mitwe uko ari icyenda, umwanditsi aratugezaho intondeke z’amasekuruza ahereye kuri Adamu. Ararondora abakurambere b’umuryango wa Israheli wose; ariko iyo witegereje neza abo yibandaho muri izo ntondeke, uhita umenya icyo agamije n’ikimushishikaje. Aribanda ku muryango wa Yuda (umutwe 2), ariko cyane cyane ku bo mu nzu ya Dawudi (umutwe 3); atari ku bakurambere be gusa, ahubwo no ku bamukomotseho bose, ndetse kugeza na nyuma y’ijyanwabunyago. Usanga kandi yibanda cyane ku muryango w’Abalevi (5,27—6,66), no ku baturage ba Yeruzalemu (8,14—9,34). Ibyo rero biratugaragariza ukuntu umwanditsi ashishikajwe na Dawudi hamwe n’umugi mutagatifu n’iyobokamana ryabo, kubera agaciro bifite mu maso ye.
Igice cya kabiri. Mu by’ukuri, mu kurondora ayo masekuruza yose, nta kindi yari agamije kitari ugutegura AMATEKA YA DAWUDI, avugwa mu gice gisigaye cy’igitabo cya mbere cy’Amateka (10–29). Umwanditsi avuga bike cyane ku byerekeye Sawuli, n’ubwo ari we wabanje kuba umwami, ahubwo ni Dawudi umushishikaje. Ubundi kandi ntashaka kudutekerereza byose, ahubwo ashishikajwe no kwerekana umwete Dawudi yagize mu guteza imbere iyobokamana. Ntanakunda kwibanda ku makosa ye, ibyo bigatuma yirinda kugira icyo avuga ku bidakwiye Dawudi yakoranye na Betsabe, nyuma akicisha umugabo we, yirengagiza kandi n’amakimbirane yabaye mu bana ba Dawudi, n’uko bamwe bivumbagatanyije barwanya ubutegetsi bwe. Ahubwo umwanditsi yibanda cyane ku buhanuzi bwa Natani (17) no ku byo Dawudi yakoreye Imana byose : yimuye Ubushyinguro bw’Uhoraho abujyana i Yeruzalemu (13,1–12; 15,1–29), yatunganyije imihango y’iyobokamana (16,1–43), ategura iyubakwa ry’Ingoro y’Uhoraho (22,1–19), kandi abalevi bose abagabanyamo ibyiciro akurikije imirimo bashinzwe (23,1—26,32).
2. Uburyo iki gitabo cyanditswe
Kugira ngo yandike ayo mateka, umwanditsi yifashishije ibitabo byo muri Bibiliya byanditswe mbere; asubira mu masekuruza dusanga mu gitabo cy’Intangiriro n’icy’Ibarura; hakaba n’ibindi byinshi avuga abikuye mu bitabo bya Samweli n’iby’Abami.
Ibyo ari byo byose, ntabyandukura uko byakabaye, ahubwo ahitamo ibihuje n’icyo agamije kugeza ku basomyi be; rimwe na rimwe hakaba ibyo arengaho, ubundi akagira n’ibyo yiyongereraho.
Hari kandi n’ibindi bitabo yifashishije, nyamara byo ntibyatugezeho kuko bitari muri Bibiliya, ari byo ibi: «Amateka ya Samweli umushishozi», « Amateka y’umuhanuzi Natani », n’«Amateka ya Gadi umushishozi» (1 Matek 29,29). Hari n’ibindi tutashidikanya ko byavuye mu nyandiko zari mu bubiko bw’Ingoro, mbese nk’amazina y’abalevi bose.
3. Inyigisho z’ingenzi ziri muri iki gitabo
Iki gitabo cya mbere cy’Amateka kidutekerereza mbere na mbere imibereho ya Dawudi n’uruhare yagize mu gufasha umuryango w’Abayisraheli kubaho bakurikije Isezerano bari baragiranye n’Uhoraho, Imana yabo, kugira ngo ababere umwami koko. Umwanditsi yihatira uko ashoboye kose kumvisha abantu bo mu gihe cye uko bakwiye kugenza kugira ngo bazahirwe. Icya mbere cya ngombwa ni ukudahemukira Imana, bakumvira muri byose amategeko yayo, bakarangiza neza imihango yose ya Liturujiya ikorerwa mu Ngoro, bafite umutima ukeye. Bityo umuryango ukazaba ikoraniro ritagatifu rinyuze Imana, kandi amasezerano yagiriye Dawudi akuzuzwa.
mt1 Igitabo cya mbere cy’Amateka
mt2 I. IBARURA RY’IBISEKURUZA