Igitabo cya Yozuwe
IJAMBO RY’ IBANZE
Kuba iki gitabo cyaritiriwe Yozuwe, ni ukubera ko ari we ukivugwamo cyane. Iryo zina «Yozuwe» risobanura «Hakizimana», kandi ni byo koko, kuko Uhoraho yakijije umuryango we, akoresheje uwo mugabo. Si ubwa mbere twumvise bamuvuga: yari umufasha wa Musa (Iyim 24,13; 31,11; Ibar 11,28); ni we wayoboye ingabo z’Abayisraheli barwana n’Abamaleki (Iyim 17,8–16); ni we wajyanye na Musa ku musozi wa Sinayi igihe Uhoraho amushyikirije ibimanyu by’amabuye byanditsweho Amategeko (Iyim 24,13; 32,17), kandi ni na we wari ushinzwe kurinda ihema ry’ibonaniro (Iyim 33,11). Yozuwe kandi yaserukiye umuryango wa Efurayimu igihe Musa yohereje abantu cumi na babiri baturutse mu miryango yose ya Israheli, ngo bajye gutata igihugu cya Kanahani; ndetse we na Kalebu, ni bo bonyine bagerageje gutera inkunga rubanda ngo bigarurire icyo gihugu bidatinze, ariko biba iby’ubusa (Ibar 13,30; 14,6-38). Musa rero yabonye amaze gusaza cyane, amutorera kuzamusimbura ngo akomeze umurimo we (Ibar 27,15–23).
1. Ibikubiye muri iki gitabo
IGICE CYA MBERE (imitwe 1–12) kirondora uburyo Abayisraheli bambutse uruzi rwa Yorudani, bayobowe na Yozuwe, bagakwira mu gihugu cya Kanahani. Mbega ngo baratsinda umusubirizo! Yeriko na Hayi barabyigaruriye, abaturage b’i Gibewoni barabagaragira. Havugwamo kandi ukuntu abami bo mu majyepfo batsinzwe, ndetse n’abo mu majyaruguru; bose hamwe bakaba mirongo itatu n’umwe!
Iyo usomye izo nkuru, wagira ngo Abayisraheli bahise bigarurira igihugu cyose bitabaruhije. Mu by’ukuri ariko, byatwaye igihe kirekire, ndetse n’imigi myinshi ikomeye yarabananiye ntibayifata (15.63; 16,10; 17,11–13) kugeza ku ngoma ya Dawudi.
Hashize imyaka myinshi, umwanditsi wa zaburi 44 aza kubizirikana byose, maze atwarwa n’ibyishimo kubera ubwiza bw’icyo gihugu kirumbuka; ni ko guterura aravuga ati
4 «Inkota zabo si zo bakesheje kwigarurira igihugu bafite,
imbaraga zabo si zo bakesheje gutsinda,
ahubwo ni indyo yawe bwite, ukuboko kwawe,
n’urumuri rw’uruhanga rwawe,
Nyagasani, kuko wabikundiye.»
IGICE CYA KABIRI (imitwe 13–21) kirondora uburyo imiryango cumi n’ibiri ya Israheli yigabanyije igihugu. Umwanditsi w’igitabo cya Yozuwe, iyo avuga imiterere y’icyo gihugu Imana yabagabiye, hamwe n’imipaka, imigi n’imisozi byacyo, usanga agitaka ku buryo buhebuje, bikagaragaza urukundo bari bagifitiye. Natwe, iyo dusoma amazina y’aho hantu, n’ubwo ahenshi tutanahazi, tujye tumenyeraho ko Imana ishakira abantu ibyiza aho bari hose.
IGICE CYA GATATU (imitwe 22–24) kivuga imisazire ya Yozuwe. Icy’ingenzi kirimo ni amagambo Yozuwe yavugiye kuri Sikemu, ubwo imiryango ya Israheli yari yakoranye ngo bavugurure Isezerano bari baragiranye n’Uhoraho.
2. Ibyanditswe muri iki gitabo bikomoka he?
Mu gihe ibikubiye muri iki gitabo cya Yozuwe byabereye (nko mu 1200 mb. K.), kwandika ibitabo byari bikigoranye kandi bitaramamara muri ibyo bihugu; ahubwo ibyabaga bibaye barabihererekanyaga, igisekuruza kimwe kikabitekerereza ikigikurikiye. Abalevi ni bo bahererekanyaga cyane cyane inkuru zerekeye Ubushyinguro bw’Isezerano, n’uko intambiro zubatswe, n’ibyerekeye amasezerano Abayisraheli bagiriye imbere y’Uhoraho, n’ibindi nk’ibyo. Abarwanaga, bo bibukiranyaga intambara zose barwanye. Iyo hagiraga ubona amatongo y’imigi yasenywe, abaturage baho bamutekererezaga uko byagenze. Byongeye kandi, buri muryango wa Israheli wibukiranya uko wahawe umunani, ukamenya neza imbibi zawo, hamwe n’imigi n’imisozi yawo. Byaratinze (nko mu gihe cy’Abami), ibyo byose tumaze kuvuga babikomatanyiriza hamwe, babyandikamo iki gitabo.
3. Izindi nyigisho z’ingenzi ziri muri iki gitabo
— Mu by’ukuri, igihugu bahawe guturamo ni cyo kivugwa cyane, kurusha ndetse uko bibanda kuri Yozuwe. Imana yari yasezeranyije Abrahamu kuzamuha urubyaro, ndetse n’igihugu. Igitabo cya Yozuwe cyamamaza ubudahemuka bwayo: «Mu masezerano yose meza Uhoraho yabwiye umuryango wa Israheli, nta na rimwe ryapfuye ubusa; yose yarujujwe» (21,45).
— Ni koko Imana ihorana n’umuryango wayo, ikubahiriza amasezerano yagiranye na wo kuri Sinayi. Akenshi Abayisraheli na bo bayakomeragaho: «Israheli yayobotse Uhoraho igihe cyose Yozuwe yabayeho . . . » (24,31). Ariko se namara gupfa, ubwo budahemuka bazabukomeza? Igitabo gikurikiraho, ari cyo cy’Abacamanza, kizatubwira uko byabakomereye.
— Iyo usoma igitabo cya Yozuwe (yewe n’ibindi bigikurikira), ushobora gutangazwa n’ukuntu Abayisraheli batsembye amahanga batayababarira, bibwira ko ari Uhoraho ubibategetse. Ibyo rero byatera umuntu kwibaza, ati «Mbese koko Imana ni yo yategetse umuryango wayo kwica abantu bangana batyo?» Dore uko dukwiye kubyumva:
Mbere na mbere, nta bwo rwose Abayisraheli bishe ngo batsiratsize imbaga nyamwinshi nk’uko wabikeka uhereye ku byo igitabo kivuga. Na none, nk’uko muri icyo gihe byari umuco w’amahanga yose, iyo Abayisraheli babaga bamaze gufata umugi uyu n’uyu, hari ubwo bicaga abaturage baho, ndetse n’abagore n’abana. Ariko si ko byagendaga iteka. Akenshi Abayisraheli babonye uko batura hagati y’Abakanahani batiriwe barwana, kuko ahadatuwe hari henshi. Ndetse, kuba barabanaga n’Abakanahani mu mahoro, ni byo byabateye gushukwa, basenga ibigirwamana byabo. Nyuma rero, hashize imyaka myinshi, ubwo bandikaga iki gitabo cya Yozuwe, bamwe bakajya bavuga bati «Yewe, iyo abasokuruza bacu baza gutsemba Abakanahani ku bwa Yozuwe, nta bwo baba baradushukishije ibigirwamana byabo kugeza n’ubu!»
Byongeye kandi muri icyo gihe cya Yozuwe, no kugeza ndetse ubwo igitabo cye cyandikwaga, abenshi bibwiraga ko kwica abasenga ibigirwamana ari cyo kinyura Uhoraho, mbese ko ari cyo ashaka! Icyatumye bibeshya batyo ni uko Imana yari itarabamenyesha ko yita rwose no ku buzima bw’abanyamahanga, ntiyishimire na gato icyitwa ubwicanyi cyose. Kuvuga rero ko Imana ari yo yabitegekaga, ni ukuyoba rwose.
— Reka tugaruke kuri Yozuwe, wa mutabazi Imana yahesheje umuryango wayo gutsinda. Na nyuma ye, Imana yawoherereje abandi batabazi nka we. N’ubwo batari babizi, abo bose bateguraga ukuza k’undi Mutabazi, ubasumbye kure, ari we Yezu Kristu, Umwana w’Imana, wacunguye abantu bose, akabakiza ibyaha.