Umuhanuzi Yeremiya
IJAMBO RY’IBANZE
1. Tumenye uwo muhanuzi n’inyigisho ze
Yeremiya ni umwe mu bahanuzi bakomeye cyane b’Uhoraho. Igitabo cye kiramutubwira ku buryo buhagije, ari ibyerekeye imibereho ye, n’ibyerekeye inyigisho ze. Yaje akurikira Izayi ho nk’imyaka ijana. Avukira mu muryango w’abaherezabitambo, mu mudugudu witwa Anatoti, uri mu birometero bitandatu mu majyaruguru ya Yeruzalemu. Mu buzima bwe turibanda ku bihe bitatu by’ingenzi :
a. Mu gihe cy’umwami Yoziya (640–609)
Mu mwaka wa cumi na gatatu uwo mwami ari ku ngoma (1,2) ni bwo Yeremiya yatowe n’Imana ngo ayibere umuhanuzi; hakaba rero mu mwaka wa 627 mb. K. Yeremiya yari akiri umusore (1,6), ari na byo yishingikirijeho ashaka kwanga ubwo butumwa, ariko Uhoraho aramukomeza, ati «Unyizere». Agitangira, Yeremiya yarwanyije cyane ibigirwamana byari byiganje muri Yuda. Kuri iyo ngingo inyigisho ze zisa n’iza Hozeya 2–6). Ahagana muri 622, umwami Yoziya atangirana ishyaka kuvugurura iyobokamana, bishingiye kuri cya «Gitabo cy’Amategeko» cyari kimaze gutahurwa mu Ngoro (2 Bami 22,3—23,25). Muri icyo gitabo, ingingo bibandaho cyane, ni uko nta handi bagomba gusengera Imana no kuyiturira ibitambo, uretse i Yeruzalemu. Yeremiya avuga iby’iryo vugururwa muri 11,1–14, kandi akarishyigikira; ndetse ahari ni yo mpamvu yatumye bene wabo b’i Anatoti bamutoteza (11,18–23). Ahagana mu mwaka wa 609 Yoziya, wa mwami wubahaga Imana cyane yaje kugwa i Megido, ku rugamba yarwanyagamo Abanyamisiri.
b. Mu gihe cy’umwami Yoyakimu (609–598)
Uwo mwami mushya ntiyashishikariye gukomeza umugambi wa se, ku buryo rubanda bongeye gusenga ibigirwamana. Uretse n’ibyo, guhera mu mwaka wa 605, igihugu cya Yuda kigwa mu bucakara bw’umwami Nebukadinetsari wa Babiloni. Icyo gihe cyose Yeremiya yarababaye cyane, kuko ari we wagombaga gutangaza isenywa ry’umuryango we yakundaga bitavugwa. Usibye ibyo yavugaga mu mpanuro, hari n’ibyo yavugishaga amarenga (nk’akabindi kajanjaguritse, 18–19), ndetse n’ubuzima bwe bwose bwabaye incamarenga. Ntiyigeze arongora, kuko yasangaga nta cyo bimaze kubyara abana bazarimburwa (6,1–13). Nta birori by’umunsi mukuru n’umwe yagiyemo, kuko icyunamo cyari cyugarije igihugu. Byageze n’aho yerura avuga ko n’Ingoro ubwayo itagishoboye kuramira umuryango w’abanyabyaha (7,1–15).
Birumvikana ko izo nyigisho nta n’umwe zanyuze, maze Yeremiya yongera kubabazwa no kubona bose bamutambamiye: umwami, abacamanza, abaherezabitambo, na ba bahanuzi bahoraga mu Ngoro y’Uhoraho. Baramuhagarika (26), ntiyaba acyongeye gukoza ikirenge mu Ngoro. Bityo yibuka ibyo kwandika ubutumwa bwe yifashishije umukarani we Baruki (36). Mu byo Yeremiya yanditse muri icyo gihe harimo agahinda ko kwiheba, ko kwinubira Uhoraho, ko gusaba itsembwa ry’abanzi; ariko ageza aho akagarukira Imana, akishimira gukomezanya ubupfura ubutumwa bwe, ari na ko arushaho kubucengera (11,18—12,6; 15,10–21; 17,4–18; 18,18–23; 20,7–18).
Umwami Yoyakimu yaje kwivumbagatanya kuri Babiloni ahagana muri 600, cyakora ahita yitaba Imana. Ubwo Nebukadinetsari aza gutera Yeruzalemu, maze umwami mushya Yoyakini (598–597) aramuyoboka. Ibyo ariko ntibyabujije Nebukadinetsari kuhanyaga igice kimwe cy’abaturage, ngo abajyane i Babiloni hamwe na Yoyakini. Ibyo biba ijyanwabunyago rya mbere. Naho i Yeruzalemu, Nebukadinetsari asiga abimikiye undi mwami, ari we Sedekiya, se wabo wa Yoyakini.
c. Mu gihe cy’umwami Sedekiya (597–587)
Yeremiya asanga agomba kwivanga mu bya leta. Igihe ibyegera by’umwami byamubwirizaga kwivumbagatanya kuri Babiloni, Yeremiya we yamubwirije kwitonda no kumvira (28), kuko ari bwo buryo bwonyine yasangaga bwatuma bahonoka. Yandikira n’abajyanywe bunyago ko ibyo gutahuka bitari hafi (29). Sedekiya ariko arenga ku mabwiriza y’umuhanuzi Yeremiya, agomera Babiloni, bidatinze Nebukadinetsari yiyemeza gutera Yeruzalemu, naho Yeremiya we ibyegera by’umwami bimushyira mu buroko.
Muri ayo makuba yose, ari na bwo Abanyababiloni bari bagose Yeruzalemu, Yeremiya we ntiyihebye ahubwo yakomeje imbaga abasezeranya ko nibisubiraho, bagakurikiza inama abagira, Imana izongera ikagirana na bo Isezerano rishya 30–33). Biba iby’ubusa ariko; Yeruzalemu irafatwa muri 587, Ingoro irasenywa, n’imbaga itagira ingano ijyanwa bunyago i Babiloni. Ibyo biba ijyanwabunyago rya kabiri. Naho muri Yuda, Nebukadinetsari ahasiga umutware witwa Gedaliyahu, akaba incuti ya Yeremiya, ariko abagizi ba nabi baramwivugana. Abantu bicwa n’ubwoba, bahungira mu Misiri, na Yeremiya bamujyanayo 40–44); ni na ho bakeka ko yaguye.
2. Igitabo cya Yeremiya
Yeremiya ubwe, ni we wandikishije umukarani we Baruki inyigisho ze z’ingenzi (36). Uretse ayo magambo y’umuhanuzi ubwe, hari n’ibindi Baruki yiyemeje kongeraho ku giti cye, nk’ibitekerezo byerekeye imibereho ya Yeremiya, n’imihindagurikire y’ibya Leta. Mu mpera z’igitabo kandi, batwandukuriye n’andi makuru avuye mu gitabo cya kabiri cy’Abami (24,18—25,30), banaturondorera uko Yeruzalemu yasenywe.
3. Ubukuru bwa Yeremiya
Uwo muhanuzi tumushima kuri byinshi, ariko iby’ingenzi twavuga ni nk’ibi :
Yeremiya ni umugabo w’inyangamugayo ku Mana. Akiri umusore, yahawe ubutumwa buteye ubwoba; ku bwe yumvaga yishakira kwiberaho ku buryo busanzwe nk’abandi bose, nyamara yumvira Imana. Ahanura rero ibyago byari bigiye kugwirira umuryango we akunda, kuko banze guhinduka. Nta we umwitaho, baramunnyega, baramutoteza, ariko we akanga agakomera. Imbaraga ze akazikura mu gusenga; umutima we wose Yeremiya yawukinguriraga Imana, bakavugana nk’uko incuti zivugana. Amahoro n’ibyishimo yabikuraga mu kuzirikana amategeko n’amabwiriza y’Uhoraho (15,16). Mu bigeragezo byose yanyuzemo, Yeremiya yakomeje kwizera Imana, yumva ko ari yo imukomeje.
Yeremiya na we asa n’integuza ya Kristu, cyane cyane ububabare bwe bushushanya ubw’Umukiza. Nyamara birumvikana ko Yezu asumbye Yeremiya kuri byinshi: urugero ni nk’aho Yeremiya asaba ko abanzi be batsembwa (11,20–23; 12,3; 17,18), naho Yezu akabasabira imbabazi.
Yeremiya ahubwo yaba urugero rw’abahamagarirwa gukurikira Imana yonyine, ariko bakageza aho bashidikanya n’aho bacika intege. Abo bose kimwe na we bahamagarirwa kwiringira impuhwe n’ubudahemuka by’Uhoraho; ndetse banamurusha amahirwe, kuko ubu bashobora gufatanya ibyishimo n’ububabare bw’umwami wacu Yezu Kristu.
Ikindi dushimira Yeremiya ni inyigisho ze nziza nyinshi kandi zinyuranye, zivuga cyane cyane urukundo rutagereranywa Uhoraho afitiye umuryango we. Uhoraho akunda umuryango we urukundo rudatezuka (31,3); Efurayimu ni umwana we w’inkoramutima, mbese ni nk’uburiza bwe (31,9; 31,20). Umubano Uhoraho afitanye n’umuryango we ugereranywa n’uwo umugabo agirana n’umugore we (2,2; 11,15; 13,11). Kuva na kera, urwo rukundo rwagaragajwe n’Isezerano Uhoraho yagiranye n’umuryango we, agira ati «Nzababera Imana, namwe muzambere umuryango» (7,23; 11,4). Cyakora Israheli yo yarahemutse, yohoka ku bigirwamana, ica ku mategeko, bigeza n’aho inangira umutima rwose. Ubwo rero iba yikururiye igihano nta kabuza. Yeremiya atangaza ko iyo myaka y’ibihano izatinda; nyuma ariko bamara kwicuza, Imana ikazababarira abayo. Ndetse ni na bwo Uhoraho azagirana n’umuryango we Isezerano rishya, n’amategeko ye akandikwa mu mutima wabo (31,31–34). Iryo Sezerano rishya rizuzurizwa burundu muri Yezu Kristu, kandi icyo gihe umuryango mushya w’Imana ntuzaba ugishingiye ku bwoko cyangwa ku maraso ahubwo ku kwemera n’urukundo.