Umuhanuzi Ezekiyeli
IJAMBO RY’IBANZE
1 Umuhanuzi n’inyigisho ze
Ezekiyeli, kimwe na Izayi na Yeremiya, ni umwe mu bahanuzi bakomeye cyane ba Israheli; yari umuherezabitambo, mbese kimwe na se Buzi (1.3). Ibyo yigishije n’ibyo yahanuye, byose bifitanye isano n’ifatwa rya Yeruzalemu, hamwe n’ijyanwabunyago i Babiloni, ndetse n’ingaruka zabyo. Yari umwe muri za mbohe Nebukadinetsari yajyanye i Babiloni hamwe n’umwami Yoyakini muri 597 mb. K., Yeruzalemu imaze gufatwa bwa mbere. Ni muri icyo gihugu cy’ubucakara yatorewe ubuhanuzi (1–2), anaharangiriza ubutumwa bwe, kandi akoherereza abasigaye i Yeruzalemu inyigisho zibashishikariza guhinduka.
Ezekiyeli yari afite umugore wamunyuraga cyane (24.16); urupfu rumumutwara mbere ya 587, maze abibonamo ikimenyetso cy’icyunamo gikomeye cyugarije igihugu. Abakuru bamwe mu bajyanywe bunyago bakunze kuza kumubaza niba ibyo gutahuka byaba biri hafi (8.1; 14,1; 20,1), we akabasubiza ababwira ko ahubwo Yeruzalemu igiye kongera gufatwa, ndetse ikanasenywa burundu (8). Ntiyahwemaga kuvuga ko Yeruzalemu yoramye mu bigirwamana, ikiyumvira gusa abahanuzi b’ibinyoma, none Uhoraho akaba yiyemeje kuyihana, kuko yanze kwisubiraho. Ni ko kandi byagenze. Muri 587–586, Nebukadinetsari yafashe Yeruzalemu, arayisenya, maze abenshi mu baturage bari bahasigaye na bo abajyana bunyago i Babiloni. Bityo ibyo Ezekiyeli yari yarahanuye biba impamo.
Kuva ubwo Ezekiyeli ahindura imvugo, kuko abo yabwiraga batari bakiyemera ngo banangire umutima (2.3) ahubwo bari bihebye, bakavuga bati «amagufa yacu yarumiranye, nta cyizere tugifite» (37.11). Ezekiyeli rero ababwira amagambo yo kubahumuriza, avuga ko umuryango uzakizwa ukavanwa ishyanga, mbese nk’uko kera wavanywe mu Misiri; amahanga abanga azahanwa maze Israheli isubie iwayo, yivugurure maze itangire kubaho ku buryo bushimisha Imana koko.
2. Uko igitabo giteye
Dore ibice by’ingenzi tugisangamo:
1. Ihamagarwa ry’uwo muhanuzi (1–3).
2. Impanuro Ezekiyeli yavuze mbere y’uko Yeruzalemu igotwa ubwa kabiri, abwiriza rubanda rwose guhinduka (4–24).
3. Impanuro zerekeye amahanga agusha Israheli mu byaha (25–32).
4. Impanuro zavuzwe igihe Yeruzalemu yari yagoswe na nyuma, imaze gufatwa (33–39); Ezekiyeli akomeza umutima abari batangiye gucika intege.
5. Ezekiyeli asa n’ubonera kure amahirwe ya Yeruzalemu (40–48); ukuntu igihugu kizasubirana, n’iyobokamana rigakomereza mu Ngoro nshya.
3. Ubukuru bwa Ezekiyeli
Ezekiyeli ahishurirwa byinshi mu byo yerekwa, maze na we mu kwigisha akifashisha ibikorwa n’ibimenyetso bica amarenga (4,1—5,6; 12,1–16). Kubera ko yari umuherezabitambo, kandi akagirira Imana isumba byose igitinyiro gihebuje, yibandaga cyane ku byerekeye Ingoro.
Ibyo ariko ntibyabujije Ezekiyeli kwamamaza ibitekerezo bishya, cyane cyane ko Uhoraho atigaragariza gusa mu Ngoro y’i Yeruzalemu, ahubwo ko ategeka hose, ndetse n’i Babiloni (11,16). Ezekiyeli ntayoberwa ko Uhoraho agiye kuza, agahana umuryango we, akawohera mu mahanga, abitewe n’uko umuryango wa Yuda wacumuye birenze urugero. Aha ngaha Ezekiyeli ntashidikanya gutanga inyigisho zinyuranye n’iza kera, avuga ko buri wese azabarwaho ibyaha bye bwite, intungane igahemberwa ibyiza yakoze, n’umugome agahanirwa ububi bwe (14,12–20; 18). Bikaba rero atari bya bindi ngo «Ababyeyi bariye imizabibu idahishije, none amenyo y’abana babo yaramunzwe» (18,2).
Nyamara, ibyago byamaze kubataha, kimwe na Yeremiya, Ezekiyeli abahindukira umuhanuzi w’amizero; n’ubu, rubanda nibisubiraho, Imana izabababarira ibahindure umuryango mushya, kandi ibacyure mu gihugu cyabo.
Ezekiyeli rero, yabaye umuhanuzi wogeje ukwizera rwagati mu mbaga yabaga yagirijwe; ubwo butumwa kandi buracyatureba natwe, abantu bo muri iki gihe, maze bukatugera ku mutima. Isezerano rishya ryashingiye kuri uwo muhanuzi ukomeye, riducira iyi migani uko ari itatu: uw’intama yazimiye (Lk 15,4–7), uw’umushumba mwiza (Yh 10,1—6.11–18) n’uw’akabuto gato kabyaye igiti cy’inganzamarumbo (Mt 13,31–32). Ezekiyeli kandi, ni we wabanje gusezeranya abemera Imana bose wa mwuka mushya, wa mutima mushya na rya sezerano rishya (11,19—16,60–62) Yezu Kristu atuzanira, akabidusenderezamo umudendezo. Ndetse no mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe dusangamo ibigereranyo byinshi bimukomokaho.